abstract：:Chromium (Cr) (VI) compounds are known carcinogens and mutagens. The mechanism of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity caused by chromium(VI) compounds remained unclear for several years. However, in the recent past chromium-induced carcinogenicity and/or mutagenicity was known to happen due to the generation of reactive ...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Acharya UR,Mishra M,Mishra I,Tripathy RR

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of lethal and sublethal concentrations 15, 20, 26 and 35 μg/l of zeta cypermethrin on the gills of common guppies (L. reticulatus) were examined by light microscopy during 96 h exposure. The most common changes at all doses of zeta cypermethrin are the lifting of epithelial layer from gill lamellae and some ne...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Caliskan M,Erkmen B,Yerli SV

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of N(1)-benzylidene pyridine-2-carboxamidrazone anti-tuberculosis compounds has been evaluated for their cytotoxicity using human mononuclear leucocytes (MNL) as target cells. All eight compounds were significantly more toxic than dimethyl sulphoxide control and isoniazid (INH) with the exception of a 4-metho...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Coleman MD,Tims KJ,Rathbone DL

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We generated germ line-transgenic Xenopus laevis that monitors environmental heavy metal ions. Sperm nuclei were transduced with cDNA of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) driven by murine metallothionein-1 gene promoters and were microinjected into unfertilized eggs. The eggs developed to sexually matured adul...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Oofusa K,Tooi O,Kashiwagi A,Kashiwagi K,Kondo Y,Obara M,Yoshizato K

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The wide range of potential health beneficial effects of isoflavones, including a chemoprentive action, have prompted us to study the potential benefits of genistein and daidzein in an experimental model of environmental pollution impact on lung tissue. A diesel engine placed was used to generate reproducible emission...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Morin JP,Rumigny JF,Bion A,Dionnet F

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to lead (Pb) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during early development has been associated with deficits in cognitive function in children (Pediatrics 87 (1991) 219; N. Engl. J. Med. 335 (1996) 783). These effects persist in the child long after exposure has ceased and body burdens have diminished. Despite...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Gilbert ME,Lasley SM

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-reporter vector regulated by an estrogen response element (ERE) was constructed and transfected into human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells. Stable transfectants were selected and their GFP fluorescence intensity was measured using a quantitative fluorescent imaging system. 17β-estradiol (...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Kuruto-Niwa R,Terao Y,Nozawa R

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The occurrence of chemical contaminants with DNA-damaging capacity in the environment represents a threat to human health as well as to the health of the ecosystem. This mini-review describes studies that were aimed to monitor at field conditions, the presence of such environmental toxicants and their DNA-damaging eff...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Kleinjans JC,van Schooten FJ

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has been developed for trichloroethylene (1,1,2-trichloroethene, TRI) for rat and humans, based on in vitro metabolic parameters. These were obtained using individual cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase enzymes. The main enzymes involved both for rats and ...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Hissink EM,Bogaards JJ,Freidig AP,Commandeur JN,Vermeulen NP,van Bladeren PJ

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, the effects of acute and subacute formaldehyde (FA) exposures on spontaneous locomotor activity (SLMA), wet dog shake (WDS) behavior and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures were evaluated in Balb/C mice. SLMA was concentration dependently reduced after acute FA exposures at 1.8, 3.2, 4.5, 6.4, 9.7...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Usanmaz SE,Akarsu ES,Vural N

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aromatase catalyzes intraneuronal conversion of androgens to estrogens in the hypothalamus-preoptic area at a specific time during development. This local estrogen formation has a central role in sexual differentiation. To investigate the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on sexual differentiation,...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Ikeda M,Inukai N,Mitsui T,Sone H,Yonemoto J,Tohyama C,Tomita T

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review summarizes current knowledge on glutathione (GSH) associated cellular processes that play a central role in defense against oxidative stress. GSH itself is a critical factor in maintaining the cellular redox balance and has been demonstrated to be involved in regulation of cell signalling and repair pathwa...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Cnubben NH,Rietjens IM,Wortelboer H,van Zanden J,van Bladeren PJ

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In March 2000, an international two-day symposium was organized in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, on 'Natural and synthetic organic compounds in the environment'. The emphasis of the symposium was on the following classes of compounds: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, xeno-estrogens, phyto-estrogens, and veterinar...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Ariese F,Ernst WH,Sijm DT

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:17-beta-Estradiol is naturally converted in numerous organisms to various derivatives/metabolites, which may be excreted from the organism into its immediate external environment. There is a paucity of data regarding the biological effects of these derivatives/metabolites on aquatic organisms. Male channel catfish (20...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Tilton F,Benson WH,Schlenk D

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown previously that prenatal exposure of rats to 0.5 mg/kg/day of methylmercury (MeHg) produces gender-dependent changes in motor activity in adulthood. In the present study we have investigated whether changes in motor activity could also be found during early ontogeny of the offspring. Pregnant rats were t...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Giménez-Llort L,Ahlbom E,Daré E,Vahter M,Ögren S,Ceccatelli S

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was investigated in male mdr1a/1b double knockout (MDRK) mice, lacking the drug-transporting P-glycoproteins. These transgenic animals are deficient in their blood:brain barrier and accumulate different drugs in brain and other tissues. The MDRK and their wild-type counterparts, ...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Sharma RP,Bhandari N,Tsunoda M,Riley RT,Voss KA,Meredith FI

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of study was to assess the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by children living in a city and its effect on 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretion. Two groups of children (n=11 and 13; 3-6 years old) were chosen: (1) a group from a kindergarten situated near a road with a high traffic density ('pollu...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Vyskocil A,Fiala Z,Chénier V V,Krajak L,Ettlerova E,Bukac J,Viau C,Emminger S

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After the administration of 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (2,2',4,5,5'-pentaCB) to intact rats, the concentration of 2,2',4,5,5'-pentaCB in liver gradually decreased, whereas 3-methylsulfonyl (3-MeSO(2))-2,2',4',5,5'-pentaCB appeared in liver and remained detectable in liver for 6 weeks. A single injection of 2,2',4...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Kato Y,Haraguchi K,Tomiyasu K,Saito H,Shibahara T,Masuda Y,Kimura R

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolites of oestrogenic substances of plant origin, phyto-oestrogens, have been proposed as cancer-protective agents in Asian and vegetarian populations. The two principle classes of these weak oestrogens are isoflavonoids and mammalian lignans. The former is derived from soya-based foods and the latter from oi...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Morton M,Arisaka O,Miyake A,Evans B

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The features of organophosphate-induced brain injuries were investigated. Rats were poisoned intraperitoneally with 9 mg/kg (1.8 LD(50)) of diisopropylfluorophosphate. Pyridostigmine bromide (0.1 mg/kg) and atropine methylnitrate (20 mg/kg), which are centrally inactive, were pre-treated intramuscularly to reduce the ...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Kim YB,Hur GH,Shin S,Sok DE,Kang JK,Lee YS

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the toxicity of a series of 2-pyridylcarboxamidrazones in vitro using a rat liver metabolism system as well as human erythrocytes and mononuclear leucocytes (MNL) as target cells. Of the seven derivatives and four precursors tested, only minimal (<2.3%) metabolism-mediated methaemoglobin was forme...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Coleman MD,Rathbone DL,Abberley L,Lambert PA,Billington DC

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of apoptosis of preneoplastic cells is thought to represent a major mechanism of action of tumor promoters. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most potent promoter of liver carcinogenesis in rodents, suppressed apoptosis in rat hepatocytes pretreated in vitro with an apoptogenic dose of UV ligh...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Wörner W,Schrenk D

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myelotoxicity of pesticides and algal toxins was detected in vitro by using the granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit assay (CFU-GM), and the MTT test with SR-4987 cells, an established stromal cell line derived from a long term murine bone marrow culture, which may represent a suitable in vitro model for studyin...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Gribaldo L,Casati S,Figliuzzi L,Marafante E

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to allow an interpretation of in vitro results on the estrogenic potency of 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-octylphenol (OP), their distribution and pharmacokinetics were investigated in primary mouse hepatocyte cultures. 10(-5) M NP and 10(-6)M OP were added to the hepatocyte cultures and incubated up to 48 h. The ...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Müller S,Schmid P,Schlatter C

更新日期：1998-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of 6 MFA (Sixth mycelial fraction of acetone), an interferon inducer obtained from fungus Aspergillus ochraceus, on rifampicin toxicity was studied in rats. Chronic oral administration of rifampicin (1 g/kg per day) for 30 days produced thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anaemia, transient leukopenia and increased...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Dhuley JN,Naik SR

更新日期：1998-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxicity of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to the human endothelial cell line, ECV304, was studied. The cytotoxicity of SNP was primarily related to the liberation of nitric oxide (NO). S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP), an NO donor, was highly toxic. Other degradation products of SNP either exerted much l...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Babich H,Zuckerbraun HL,Ricklis AS,Blau L

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A water extract of the lyophilised fresh-water alga Anabaena flos-aquae enhanced substantially the release of [(3)H]acetylcholine ([(3)H]acetylcholine and [(3)H]choline) from cholinergic nerves of rat bronchi. Parallel experiments performed with the related species Anabaena lemmermannii did not demonstrate this effect...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Ruge Holte H,Eriksen S,Skulberg O,Aas P

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This symposium on susceptibility and risk was the third in a series designed to bring together experts from diverse disciplines to discuss contemporary issues in risk assessment. The topic in 1996 was especially challenging since susceptibility is influenced by a myriad of factors including environmental, genetic, soc...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Zenick H,Costa DL

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Susceptibility is well-recognized as a potentially important aspect of health risk assessment, particularly for groups such as pregnant women and their fetuses, infants, children, the elderly, and the infirm, that are known or suspected to be more vulnerable to environmental insults. More recently, it has become appar...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Sexton K

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are numerous examples, of both the identical and different effects of animals exposure to toxic agents, which can be compared in both, exposed prenatal/neonatal animals and exposed adults. In some instances, although the chemical and its metabolites are stored for long periods in adipose tissue, adult exposure (...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Barnett JB

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A food allergen may be defined as a substance that reacts with IgE antibodies, induces allergic sensitisation or induces allergic reactions. Some allergens only induce allergic sensitisation but do not provoke symptoms, while others bind IgE but do not induce mast cell degranulation. There is no common structure that ...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Aalberse RC

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crops produced through genetic modification are beginning to reach the market and many genetically-modified crops are under development. Since genetic modification results in the introduction of new proteins into the food plant the safety of the newly introduced proteins must be assessed. The potential allergenicity o...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Taylor SL

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the genotoxicity of diaveridine and trimethoprim in the bacterial umu test, the bacterial reverse mutation test, the in vitro chromosome aberration test, the in vivo rodent bone marrow micronucleus test in two species, and the in vivo comet assay in five mouse organs. Both compounds were negative in the um...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Ono T,Sekiya T,Takahashi Y,Sasaki YF,Izumiyama F,Nishidate E,Tsuda S,Ohta T

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known to affect various cellular activities including growth factor signal transduction, hormone responses, and cell differentiation. The purpose of this study was to examine more closely the very early effects of TCDD on protein tyrosine kinase activity, specifically p60(...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Blankenship A,Matsumura F

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The protective effects of lobenzarit disodium against the toxicity of allyl alcohol were investigated in vitro using isolated rat hepatocytes and in vivo using mice. In mice, at i.p doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg lobenzarit significantly decreased the activity of alanine amino transferase (ALT) in serum and the concent...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Remirez D,Commandeur JN,Groot E,Gonzalez R,Rodriguez S,Ancheta O,Rojas E,Ramos ME,Vermeulen NP

更新日期：1997-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examines strain differences in testosterone (T)-hydroxylations between Wistar and Dark Agouti (DA) rats of both genders. The DA rat, an animal model, is a poor metabolizer of such drugs as debrisoquine, which are metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D. T-16α-, 2α-hydroxylations, which are linked to CYP2C11...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Maeda Y,Morita K,Tasaki T,Kazusaka A,Imaoka S,Funae Y,Fujita S

更新日期：1997-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a photometric, platereader-based microassay for superoxide anion scavening activity in vitro. Superoxide anions were generated using a xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine system and detected by following the reduction of ferricytochrome c at 550 nM. Inhibitory activity was assessed for superoxide dismutase...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Laight DW,Andrews TJ,Haj-Yehia AI,Carrier MJ,Anggård EE

更新日期：1997-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:3-N-Oxalyl-l-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (β-ODAP) induces neurolathyrism, a motor neuron disease. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of this process, the action of β-ODAP on the excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor-mediated currents was examined using cloned EAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. On the voltage-...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Kusama-Eguchi K,Ikegami F,Kusama T,Lambein F,Watanabe K

更新日期：1996-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Making use of quantitative estimates of risk involves sometimes painful choices about risk control options and ethical and social policies for additional control and/or acceptance of remaining risks. Out of the history of these choices in the U.S., we have drawn four broad categories of risk control criteria: The firs...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Hattis D,Minkowitz WS

更新日期：1996-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

authors： Boobis AR

更新日期：1996-10-15 00:00:00